Every peptide on Pepvela is rated by evidence tier. We cite the actual studies, explain what they do and don't prove, and never overstate what the research shows. Research-only, always.
All citations on Pepvela are sourced from established peer-reviewed databases and disclosed transparently. For educational purposes only.
The primary database for biomedical literature. All peptide citations on Pepvela are sourced from peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed unless otherwise noted.
We reference registered human clinical trials where available, including ongoing studies. Trial phase and status are always disclosed.
Citations come from journals including Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Peptides, Aging, Frontiers in Endocrinology, and similar indexed publications.
Where human data is absent, we cite preclinical studies , always with explicit disclosure that findings have not been replicated in humans.
Each rating reflects the state of peer-reviewed published research as of our last content review. Ratings are updated as new literature emerges. For research purposes only , not a clinical recommendation of any kind.
| Peptide | Category | Evidence Tier | Primary Research Area | Human Trials | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPC-157 | Recovery & Gut | 🟠 Preliminary | Tissue repair, gut healing, musculoskeletal | No (preclinical studies primarily) | Robust rodent data; no large human RCTs published |
| TB-500 | Recovery | 🟠 Preliminary | Wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation | No (preclinical studies primarily) | Thymosin Beta-4 analog; strong preclinical data |
| Ipamorelin | Growth Hormone | 🟡 Moderate | GH secretion, body composition, recovery | Yes (limited) | Selective GHRP; human GH secretion studies available |
| CJC-1295 | Growth Hormone | 🟡 Moderate | GH/IGF-1 axis stimulation | Yes (limited) | Often studied in combination with Ipamorelin |
| Sermorelin | Growth Hormone | 🟢 Strong | GH deficiency, body composition | Yes (multiple) | FDA-approved history for GH deficiency in children |
| NAD+ | Longevity & Metabolism | 🟡 Moderate | Cellular energy, DNA repair, aging | Yes (growing) | NMN/NR precursor studies; direct NAD+ IV data growing |
| Epithalon | Longevity | ⚪ Mechanism Only | Telomerase activation, aging | Minimal | Primarily Russian research; limited Western peer-reviewed RCTs |
| Thymosin Alpha-1 | Immune | 🟡 Moderate | Immune modulation, antiviral | Yes (multiple) | Approved in some countries; studied in cancer and viral illness |
| Semaglutide | Metabolic | 🟢 Strong | Weight management, glycemic control, cardiovascular | Yes (large-scale RCTs) | FDA approved; SUSTAIN and STEP trial series |
| Tirzepatide | Metabolic | 🟢 Strong | Weight loss, blood sugar, dual GIP/GLP-1 agonism | Yes (large-scale RCTs) | FDA approved; SURPASS and SURMOUNT trial series |
| Retatrutide | Metabolic | 🟡 Moderate | Triple agonist weight loss (GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon) | Yes (Phase 2) | Phase 2 trials showing significant weight reduction; not yet FDA approved |
| Tesamorelin | Growth Hormone | 🟢 Strong | GH deficiency, HIV-associated lipodystrophy | Yes (multiple) | FDA approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; GHRH analog |
| PT-141 | Sexual Health | 🟢 Strong | Female sexual arousal disorder, libido | Yes (multiple) | FDA approved (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women |
| Gonadorelin | Hormonal | 🟢 Strong | Pulsatile GnRH secretion, testosterone, fertility | Yes (multiple) | FDA approved; used in fertility protocols and testosterone support |
| Oxytocin | Hormonal | 🟢 Strong | Labor induction, social bonding, pain modulation | Yes (extensive) | FDA approved; long clinical history across multiple applications |
| HCG | Hormonal | 🟢 Strong | Testosterone support, fertility, LH mimicry | Yes (multiple) | FDA approved for specific indications; widely used in TRT support protocols |
| Liraglutide | Metabolic | 🟢 Strong | Weight management, glycemic control, cardiovascular | Yes (large-scale RCTs) | FDA approved (Victoza, Saxenda); GLP-1 receptor agonist with SCALE trial data |
| GHRP-6 | Growth Hormone | 🟡 Moderate | GH secretion, appetite stimulation, body composition | Yes (limited) | Increases cortisol and prolactin more than selective GHRPs |
| GHRP-2 | Growth Hormone | 🟡 Moderate | GH secretion, body composition, recovery | Yes (limited) | Potent GHRP; some cortisol elevation noted in human studies |
| IGF-1 LR3 | Growth Hormone | 🟡 Moderate | Muscle growth, cell proliferation, tissue repair | Limited | Long-acting IGF-1 analog; primarily preclinical and research use |
| GHK-Cu | Skin & Aging | 🟡 Moderate | Wound healing, skin regeneration, anti-aging | Yes (limited) | Copper tripeptide; studied for skin and connective tissue repair |
| VIP | Immune | 🟡 Moderate | Immune modulation, neuroprotection, GI function | Yes (limited) | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; studied in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions |
| Thymalin | Immune | 🟡 Moderate | Immune modulation, aging, thymic function | Yes (limited) | Thymic peptide fraction; primarily Eastern European research base |
| Kisspeptin-10 | Hormonal | 🟡 Moderate | GnRH pulsatility, reproductive hormone axis | Yes (limited) | Studied in hypogonadism and fertility; also researched for sexual function |
| Cagrilintide | Metabolic | 🟡 Moderate | Weight loss, glycemic control (amylin analog) | Yes (Phase 2/3) | Amylin analog; Phase 3 trials ongoing in combination with semaglutide |
| Survodutide | Metabolic | 🟡 Moderate | Weight management, metabolic health | Yes (Phase 2) | Dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist; Phase 2 data showing significant weight reduction |
| Mazdutide | Metabolic | 🟡 Moderate | Weight loss, glycemic control | Yes (Phase 2/3) | GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist; active Phase 3 clinical trial program |
| Glutathione | Longevity | 🟡 Moderate | Antioxidant defense, detoxification, immune support | Yes (multiple) | Master antioxidant; IV and intranasal routes studied; established safety profile |
| Cerebrolysin | Cognitive | 🟡 Moderate | Neuroprotection, cognitive recovery, stroke | Yes (multiple) | Approved in some countries; primarily studied in stroke recovery and neurodegeneration |
| PEG-MGF | Recovery | 🟡 Moderate | Muscle repair, satellite cell activation, tissue regeneration | Limited | PEGylated Mechano Growth Factor; preclinical data on muscle satellite cell activation |
| AHK-Cu | Skin & Aging | 🟡 Moderate | Hair growth, skin regeneration, follicle stimulation | Limited | Copper tripeptide; studied for hair follicle stimulation and scalp repair |
| AOD-9604 | Weight Management | 🟠 Preliminary | Fat metabolism, lipolysis, weight loss | Limited (Phase 2) | C-terminal fragment of HGH; Phase 2 trials completed; FDA GRAS status for food use |
| Hexarelin | Growth Hormone | 🟠 Preliminary | GH secretion, cardioprotection | Limited | Potent GHRP; cardioprotective effects noted in preclinical data |
| HGH Fragment 176-191 | Metabolic | 🟠 Preliminary | Fat loss, lipolysis | Minimal | C-terminal HGH fragment; no anabolic activity; primarily preclinical lipolysis data |
| Selank | Cognition | 🟠 Preliminary | Anxiety, cognition, immune modulation | Limited (primarily Russian) | Heptapeptide developed in Russia; limited Western peer-reviewed RCTs |
| Semax | Cognition | 🟠 Preliminary | Neuroprotection, cognition, BDNF upregulation | Limited (primarily Russian) | ACTH-derived peptide; approved in Russia; limited Western peer-reviewed data |
| LL-37 | Immune | 🟠 Preliminary | Antimicrobial defense, wound healing, immune activation | Limited | Human cathelicidin; primarily in vitro and preclinical data |
| KPV | Immune | 🟠 Preliminary | Anti-inflammatory, gut healing | Minimal | Alpha-MSH derived tripeptide; preclinical anti-inflammatory and gut data |
| MOTS-c | Longevity | 🟠 Preliminary | Metabolic regulation, mitochondrial function, aging | Minimal | Mitochondrial-derived peptide; early human observational data emerging |
| Humanin | Longevity | 🟠 Preliminary | Neuroprotection, metabolic protection, aging | Minimal | Mitochondrial-derived peptide; associations observed in human aging studies |
| 5-Amino-1MQ | Longevity | 🟠 Preliminary | NNMT inhibition, fat loss, metabolic health | Minimal | Small molecule NNMT inhibitor; primarily preclinical metabolic data |
| Pinealon | Longevity | 🟠 Preliminary | Neuroprotection, sleep, aging | Limited (primarily Russian) | Short peptide targeting pineal function; primarily Eastern European research base |
| ACE-031 | Recovery | 🟠 Preliminary | Muscle mass, myostatin inhibition | Limited (Phase 1/2) | Activin IIB receptor fusion protein; Phase 2 trials discontinued due to side effects |
Evidence ratings are reviewed quarterly. Last reviewed: Q2 2026. All content for research and educational purposes only.
Every claim on a peptide page is tied to a source. Here is how to use that information. For educational purposes only.
Every claim on a peptide page links to or cites the source study. Look for the footnote or inline citation. Citations use standard author–year–journal format referencing PubMed-indexed sources unless otherwise noted.
The badge at the top of each peptide page tells you the overall tier. Individual claims may draw from studies of varying quality , we disclose this inline. A page rated Moderate may contain individual citations that are Preliminary.
Every peptide page includes a limitations section. If findings are from preclinical studies only, we say so explicitly. If sample sizes are small, we say so. If research has not been independently replicated, we say so. Transparency about limits is the standard, not the exception.
Evidence ratings reflect the state of published scientific literature. They are not endorsements, guarantees, or clinical guidance of any kind.
A strong evidence rating means research exists. It does not mean Pepvela endorses this peptide for any individual. Individual circumstances, health history, and clinical context determine appropriateness , and that determination belongs to a licensed healthcare provider.
FDA approval status is noted where applicable. Most peptides on this platform are not FDA-approved for the research applications discussed. Absence of FDA approval does not imply illegality, nor does approval imply safety for all uses. Consult a licensed provider.
Where human trials are absent, we cite preclinical studies. These findings may not translate to humans , and in many cases they have not been tested in humans at all. We always disclose this. Preclinical data informs research direction, not clinical decisions.
Nothing on this page or any Pepvela page constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The presence of a citation does not imply that any action is appropriate for you specifically. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider before making any health decisions.