Biomarker intelligence
Understand what your biology is telling you.
What common lab markers measure, why each one matters, and how markers connect across your biological systems. Educational information only. Pepvela does not diagnose, interpret individual results or replace a licensed clinician.
Systems
19 biomarkers across 7 systems.
Start with a system, then read the profiles inside it. Each profile explains what the marker measures and which related markers are usually reviewed beside it.
Metabolic
How the body regulates blood sugar and insulin, now and over recent months.
3 profilesCardiovascular
Lipid-particle and vascular markers studied in long-term cardiovascular research.
2 profilesHormonal
Sex hormones, thyroid and stress signalling, and the proteins that carry them.
9 profilesInflammation
Signals of systemic inflammation, a thread that runs through aging research.
1 profileLiver & Kidney
Organ-function markers. The library currently covers the liver enzyme panel.
1 profileNutrients
Vitamin status and iron stores, two of the most commonly measured nutrient signals.
2 profilesLongevity
Growth and aging signals examined in healthy-aging science.
1 profile01System
Metabolic
How the body regulates blood sugar and insulin, now and over recent months.
Fasting Glucose
Fasting Blood Glucose
A point-in-time glucose-related marker measured after a fasting period, commonly reviewed alongside HbA1c and fasting insulin. Educational context only.
Read the profileFasting Insulin
Fasting Serum Insulin
Insulin measured after a fasting period, a glucose-related marker that provides insulin-response context alongside fasting glucose and HbA1c. Educational context only.
Read the profileHbA1c
Glycated Hemoglobin
Glycated hemoglobin, a longer-term glucose-related marker that reflects average glucose exposure over the life of red blood cells. Educational context only.
Read the profile02System
Cardiovascular
Lipid-particle and vascular markers studied in long-term cardiovascular research.
ApoB
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B, a lipid-related marker that provides a particle-number-related view of atherogenic lipoproteins, reviewed alongside lipid and metabolic markers. Educational context only.
Read the profileHomocysteine
Plasma Homocysteine
"An amino acid byproduct that builds up when methylation pathways aren't working well, elevated levels are linked to cardiovascular and cognitive risk."
Read the profile03System
Hormonal
Sex hormones, thyroid and stress signalling, and the proteins that carry them.
Cortisol
AM Serum Cortisol
A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that follows a daily rhythm, commonly reviewed in adrenal-related and hormone-related lab panels. Educational context only.
Read the profileDHEA-S
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, an adrenal androgen-related marker commonly reviewed alongside testosterone, SHBG, and other hormone markers. Educational context only.
Read the profileEstradiol
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol (E2), a major form of estrogen present in all sexes, commonly reviewed alongside testosterone, SHBG, and other sex hormone markers. Educational context only.
Read the profileFree Testosterone
Free Testosterone (unbound fraction)
The unbound fraction of testosterone not attached to SHBG or albumin, commonly reviewed alongside total testosterone and SHBG. Method-dependent. Educational context only.
Read the profileLH & FSH
Luteinizing Hormone & Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Pituitary hormones that provide pituitary-gonadal signaling context, commonly reviewed alongside testosterone, SHBG, and free testosterone. Educational context only.
Read the profileSHBG
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Sex hormone-binding globulin, the hormone-binding protein made mainly by the liver that binds testosterone and estradiol and adds context alongside total and free testosterone. Educational context only.
Read the profileTestosterone
Testosterone Biomarkers (Overview)
Overview of the testosterone-related markers — total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, LH, FSH, and DHEA-S — and how they are reviewed together. Educational context only.
Read the profileTotal Testosterone
Total Testosterone (bound + unbound)
A commonly measured hormone marker: the combined amount of testosterone circulating in the blood, reviewed alongside free testosterone and SHBG. Educational context only.
Read the profileTSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
"The signal your brain sends to your thyroid, high TSH means the thyroid isn't responding enough, low TSH means it may be overactive."
Read the profile04System
Inflammation
Signals of systemic inflammation, a thread that runs through aging research.
05System
Liver & Kidney
Organ-function markers. The library currently covers the liver enzyme panel.
06System
Nutrients
Vitamin status and iron stores, two of the most commonly measured nutrient signals.
Ferritin
Iron Storage Protein
"The body's iron-storage protein and the standard marker of iron reserves, but it also rises with inflammation."
Read the profileVitamin D
25-OH Vitamin D
"Often called the sunshine vitamin, but it works more like a hormone, affecting immune function, mood, testosterone, and bone health all at once."
Read the profile07System
Longevity
Growth and aging signals examined in healthy-aging science.
Reading biomarker information
Context matters more than any single number.
- Reference ranges differ between laboratories, methods and populations. Your lab report states its own.
- One result is a snapshot. Trends over time, and related markers, usually say more.
- Interpretation belongs with a licensed clinician who knows your history. Pepvela provides education, not diagnosis.
Guide
Lab testing guide
Which markers appear on common panels, what each one measures, and how to prepare for testing.
Read the guideResearch
Understanding your biomarkers
A longevity research guide to the key biomarker categories and why researchers track them.
Read the articleGoal pathways
Explore by goal
Biology-first goal guides: which markers researchers review first for each area of interest.
Browse goal pathways